．Koyoto Protocol
In December, 1997, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) held the third conference in Kyoto , Japan adapted the Kyoto Protocol with the main purpose of addressing developed countries green house gas emission issues due to the threads deriving from global warming.

The Kyoto Protocol ruled to have these countries to reduce the 6 gases' emission reduction of 5.2% by 2010 comparing to the gas volume of 1990.
To be specific, the reduction goal from the year of 2008 to 2012 for all the developed countries is: comparing to 1990, 8% reduction for European Union, 7% reduction for the United States, 6% reduction for Japan and Canada, and 5% to 8% for east European countries. As for New Zealand, Russia, and Ukraine, the goal is to stabilize the green house gas emission within the 1990 standard. The Protocol also allows Ireland, Australia, and Norway's green house gas emission to increase by 10%, 8% and 1% comparing to the 1990 standard.

《Kyoto Protocol》 requires participation from at least 55 countries with total green house gas of 55% global to become statutory. European Union and its members formally passed the Kyoto Protocol as of May 31 st, 2002. At December 5 th, 2004, President Putin also signed the bill as the protocol merged into Russian Law. As of February 2005, there are 141 countries and regions have signed the Protocol, including 30 industrialized countries with total of 80% population world-wide.

The United States has the largest green house gas volume world-wide with its 25% CO2 volume generating from 3 to 4 percents of world population. The U.S. had signed the Kyoto Protocol at 1998. However, the Bush Administration refused to sign and abide to Kyoto Protocol for the reason of it will become a great resistant for the U.S. economical development. The Bush Administration also indicates the developing countries should also take on the same responsibility. As of February 16 th , 2005 , the Kyoto Protocol officially permitted as legislative. This is the first time in Human history to confine the green house gas emission with legal action.

The Kyoto Protocol reached its common agreement based on the suggestions from its sanctioned members. The protocol has the following main objectives:
•Total Volume Control: The industrialized countries will reduced the green house gas emission for 5.2% of the total volume. With the natural population growth emission, it reduces approximately 30%.
•Country independent or alliances for the reduction of green house gas emission.
•Goal: The reduction achievement calculation will be averaged from 2008 to 2012.
•Regulation Gas:The emission reduction of CO2, CH4, and N2O will base on the year of 1990. HFCs, PFCs, and SF6 will have 1990 or 1995 as its base year.
•Emission Calculation: the 1990 base year will be "NET EMISSION", including human factor of generation and degeneration. The net emission from forestation, replanting, and deforesting can be deducted from the volume generated from the human factor.
•The Emission Trade Regulation:to be produced separately.
•Establish Clean Development Mechanism(CDM) to provide economical assistant.
•Penalty: To be produced separately.
•Effective Date: from March 16 th , 1998 to March 15 th , 1999 , the protocol is opened to the public for signage.
•Non-A1 countries: does not abide to the responsibility of the protocol.
•Non-Original-A1 countries Monaco, Liechtenstein, Slovenia, and Croatia will become reduction countries base on 1990.
Reduction goal difference is country independent based on its situation.